Must be completed by 7:00 am Monday, April 13th
(As planned, the students were not able to go to the computer lab to complete the Think Link Probe #4. They had to take the social studies assessment from the Board of Education that day.)

1st & 2nd Probe #4 DY2154
3rd & 4th Probe #4 PHS2138

(#5 & #6 Think Link Probes listed below were due by 7:00 am Thursday, April 2nd)

The students were notified, on March 5th, that they have from now until Thursday, April 2nd to complete the two Think Link Probes. They can take and retake the probes as many times as needed to improve their score and to not miss more than three. This will be a grade for Social Studies for the 4th nine weeks. The website is listed below or you can click Think Link in the LINK column. The codes for each class are also listed below. Please do not hesitate to email me if you have any questions on this.

http://assessment.discoveryeducation.com/login/
Click the yellow tab on the right that has ‘PROGRESS ZONE’
Enter the code for the probe for your class period and click ‘NEXT’
Enter you ‘LAST Name, FIRST Name’ and click ‘NEXT’

SOCIAL STUDIES THINK LINK PROBE CODE (Deadline is at 7:00 am this Thursday, April 2nd)

1st Period Probe #5 AK4708
1st Period Probe #6 DA9954

2nd Period Probe #5 KW4693
2nd Period Probe #6 ZT9939

3rd Period Probe #5 DQ4637
3rd Period Probe #6 BN9924

4th Period Probe #5 YS4617
4th Period Probe #6 CX9907

TEST on Chapter 23 Tuesday, May 5th. The Study Guide questions are listed below and the answers are below that. We have already gone over the answers to every questions and I put a transparency on the overhead

1st period ONLY will have their test on Ch 23 on Wednesday, May 6th

DIRECTIONS: Answer the questions below and put the page number you found the answer. The page number is part of your grade.

1. What were two of the underlying causes of World War I ?

2. The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand led _____________________ to declare war on Serbia.

3. _________________ is criminal activity that involves the use of violence to create fear and to push for political change?

4. _______________is the political philosophy that is based on nationalism and a strong government.

5. What treaty was difficult for some countries to accept? Why was it difficult to accept?

6. Germany, Italy, Japan were considered _________________________.

7. Who was the Prime Minister of Great Britain?

8. Who was the Chancellor of Germany?

9. Who was the Prime Minister of Italy?

10. Great Britain, United States, and France were considered _______________________.

11. What is a system in which the government owns all businesses and controls the economy?

12. Who led the independence movement in India?

13. Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks in Russia?

14. Who created the first fascist state in the world?

15. Who led the Nazi movement in Germany?

16. Who served as prime minister of Great Britain during World War II?

17. Who was president of the United States when Pearl Harbor was attacked?

18. Who was president of the United States when the Berlin Wall fell?

19. Who was the Soviet leader whose reforms led to the end of communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union?

20. List three things that was the cause of World War I?

21. What world leader was most involved in the end of the Cold War?

22. What three countries became Communist following World War II?

ANSWERS         Chapter 23 Study Guide        ANSWERS

1. What were two of the underlying causes of World War I?
Nationalism and imperialism

2. The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand led ____________________to
declare war on Serbia.
Austria-Hungary

3. ____________ is criminal activity that involves the use of violence to create fear
and to push for political change?
terrorism

4. ____________ is the political philosophy that is based on nationalism and a strong
government.
fascism

5. What treaty was difficult for some countries to accept? Why was it difficult to accept?
The Treaty of Versailles

6.  Germany, Italy, & Japan were considered ______________.
Axis Powers

7.Who was the Prime Minister of Great Britain?
Winston Churchill

8. Who was the Chancellor of Germany?
Adolf Hitler

9. Who was the Prime Minister of Italy?
Benito Mussolini

10. Great Britain, United States, & France considered as _____________?
Allied Powers

11. What is a system in which the government owns all businesses and controls the
economy?
communism

12. Who led the independence movement in India?
Mohandas Gandhi

13. Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks in Russia?
Vladimir Lenin

14. Who created the first fascist state in the world?
Benito Mussolini

15. Who led the Nazi movement in Germany?
Adolf Hitler

16. Who served as prime minister of Great Britain during World War II?
Winston Churchill

17. Who was president of the United States when Pearl Harbor was attacked?
Franklin Roosevelt

18. Who was president of the United States when the Berlin Wall fell?
Ronald Reagan

19. Who was the Soviet leader whose reforms led to the end of communism in
Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union?
Mikhail Gorbachev

20. List three things that was the cause of World War I?
nationalism
imperialism
the assassination of the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne

21. What world leader was most involved in the end of the Cold War?
Mikhail Gorbachev

22. What three countries became Communist following World War II?
China, North Korea, East Germany

Chapter 23 Vocabulary Words and Definitions

1)  communism – an economic and political system in which the government owns all
businesses and controls the economy.

2)  fascism – (FASH-iz-uhm) a political system based on nationalism and strong
government; Adolph Hitler in Germany and Benito Mussolini in Italy were the first
fascist leaders.

3)  Allies – Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States joined
together in World War II against Germany, Italy, and Japan.

4)  genocide – the deliberate destruction of a people.

5)  ideologies – (i-dee-AH-luh-jeez) systems or beliefs.

6)  terrorism – criminal activity involving the use of violence.

=============================
Chapter 23 Vocabulary Words and Definitions

1) communism – an economic and political system in which the government owns all businesses and controls the economy.

2) fascism – (FASH-iz-uhm) a political system based on nationalism and strong government; Adolph Hitler in Germany and Benito Mussolini in Italy were the first fascist leaders.

3) Allies – Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States joined together in World War II against Germany, Italy, and Japan.

4) genocide – the deliberate destruction of a people.

5) ideologies – (i-dee-AH-luh-jeez) systems or beliefs.

6) terrorism – criminal activity involving the use of violence.

——————————

Week of 4/20 – 4/24

ANSWERS CHAPTER 22 – The French Revolution ANSWERS
(Questions omitted: #2, 6, 14, 15, 20 & 21)
I advised the students that not all of the answers are in book. They can skip the question and go to the next if they cannot find the answer. Some of the answers are in Ch. 21. I was trying to get them to answer the questions by using the index, biography index, and glossary to get the page number in the book and possibly answer the question. They will start encountering that format later.

The classes either answered with a partner to find the answers or we found the answers together as a class. This can be more effective to get involved in a discussion and learn more about it.
1. What was the purpose of the French Revolution?
• bring bread to the poor
• democracy to France
• establish a new order of society

2XX

3. Who was Louis bride and what country was she from?
• Marie Antoinette/Austria

4. What is going on in Paris at the time of Louis coronation?
• the Age of Enlightenment

5. Europe was broken into 3 social classes dictated by birth. List these three social classes.
• Clergy
• Nobility
• Peasants

6XX

7. What led to the financial collapse of France?
• their assistance in America’s Revolutionary War

8. What was Marie Antoinette’s nickname?
Madame Deficit

9. What was at the heart of the French diet?
• bread

10. How was the Estates- General organized?
Population Representation
1ST Estate- clergy 1.5% 1/3
2ND Estate- nobility 1.5% 1/3
3RD Estate- everyone else 97% 1/3

11. Who became the “true” representatives of the people of France?
• the National Assembly

12. Where was the gunpowder held in Paris?
• the Bastille

13. What was declared in the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
• that all men are truly equal

14XX
•

15XX
16. What does Robespierre call for?
• Liberty
• Equality
• Fraternity

17. What new killing machine becomes available?
• the guillotine or the “national razor”

18. What four countries began to attack France at its weakest time?
• Russia
• Prussia
• Britain
• Austria

19. The time when thousands were killed because they were thought of as rebels was known as _______________________________.
• the Reign of Terror

20XX

21. XX

22. Who gains control of the French army?
• Napoleon Bonaparte
•
Chapter 22 Vocabulary Words and Definitions

SECTION 1

1) conservatism
- a movement that arose to preserve the old social order and governments in an
effort to return Europe to the way it was before the French Revolution

2) liberalism
- a movement for individual rights and liberties

SECTION 2

3) factory system -
is a system in which machines rapidly manufacture large quantities of items

4) laissez-faire
(leh-say-FAYR) – a “let things be” attitude on the part of government toward industry

5) socialism
-a political and economic system in which the government owns the means of production

SECTION 3

6) nationalism
- a devotion and loyalty to one’s country; develops among people with a common language, religion, or history

7) nation-states -
self-governing countries made up of people with a common cultural background

imperialism -
the control of a region or country by another country

————————

Below the TN page answers are the questions for TCAP review that we are answering in class. The students received a study guide, handout of information to know for TCAP.

TN 9 – TN 40 TCAP REVIEW PAGES (RED PAGES FRONT OF THE BOOK) Unfortunately, these pages cannot be accessed online. We completed up to page TN 14 Friday. I listed all of the answers below. (Please remember we are out Friday, 4/10 for Good Friday. TCAP testing is from Tuesday, 4/14 to Friday, 4/17) Please help them to get a good night’s sleep and a good breakfast, especially for TCAP week.

Week 1
TN 9
1) A
2) C
3) B
4) D
5) D

Week 2
TN 10
1) A
2) C
3) C
4) A
5) B

Week 3
TN 11
1) D
2) A
3) D
4) B
5) A

Week 4
TN 12
1) B
2) A
3) C
4) B
5) C

Week 5
TN 13
1) B
2) C
3) D
4) C
5) C

Week 6
TN 14
1) C
2) D
3) B
4) B
5) D

Week 7
TN 15
1) D
2) D
3) B
4) B
5) C

Week 8
TN 16
1) B
2) A
3) D
4) A
5) B

Week 9
TN 17
1) C
2) B
3) D
4) C
5) A

Week 10
TN 18
1) B
2) C
3) A
4) D
5) B

Week 11
TN 19
1) C
2) B
3) C
4) D
5) D

Week 12
TN 20
1) A
2) C
3) B
4) A
5) D

Week 13
TN 21
1) D
2) C
3) C
4) D
5) B

Week 14
TN 22
1) B
2) B
3) B
4) B
5) A

Week 15
TN 23
1) D
2) C
3) B
4) A
5) B

Week 16
TN 24
1) B
2) A
3) A
4) A
5) D

Week 17
TN 25
1) C
2) C
3) C
4) B
5) B

Week 18
TN 26
1) B
2) A
3) A
4) C
5) D

Week 19
TN 27
1) B
2) D
3) C
4) B
5) A

Week 20
TN 28
1) C
2) B
3) A
4) B
5) D

Week 21
TN 29
1) B
2) D
3) D
4) D
5) A

Week 22
TN 30
1) D
2) C
3) D
4) D
5) C

Week 23
TN 31
1) B
2) D
3) B
4) A
5) D

Week 24
TN 32
1) B
2) D
3) C
4) A
5) D

Week 25
TN 33
1) C
2) D
3) D
4) C
5) B

Week 26
TN 34
1) B
2) A
3) A
4) C
5) A

Week 27
TN 35
1) B
2) C
3) A
4) D
5) D

Week 28
TN 36
1) C
2) A
3) B
4) B
5) A

Week 29
TN 37
1) B
2) A
3) B
4) D
5) A

Week 30
TN 38
1) A
2) C
3) B
4) D
5) A
Week 31
TN 39
1) A
2) D
3) D
4) D
5) B

Week 32
TN 40
1) C
2) C
3) C
4) A
5) A

————————————————-

REVIEW PAGES THIS WEEK FOR TCAP. EACH STUDENT RECEIVED THIS HANDOUT TUES., 4/7

Ch 18
1) pg 525 Write the definition of excommunicate.
2) pg 528 Sec. 2 Crusades
3) pg 533, Sec 3, clergy
4) pg 540, sec 4 Magna Carta,
5) pg 542 & 543 (544 & 545) Hundred Years’ War
6) pg 542 & 543 (544 & 545) Black Death
7) pg 542 & 543 (544 & 545) bubonic plague
pg 546, Sec. 5. heresy,
9) pg 547, Reconquista,
10) pg 548, Spanish Inquisition
11) pg. __ Ch 15, Section 1: Write the definiton of dans _______________________
12) pg _-Ch 15, Section 1: Write the definition of Shinto _______________________
13) Define military society ___________________________________________
14) The Middle ages is same as dark ages and medieval times.

Wednesday, April 8th
1) Ch 14 Sec 4

2) Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, Ch 19, Sec. 1

3) pg 559 Marco Polo,

4) pg 561 & 567 Renaissance

5) Dante

6) pg 562 & 563 Machiavelli,

7) Michelangelo,

Leonardo Da Vinci

9) TLW ask students if they would rather have lived in the Middle Ages, Ch 17 or the
Renaissance, Ch 19 and to explain their choices

Thurs, April 9th
Bellringer, page TN 34 – TN 40 WEEK 26-32

Ch 19
1) pg 565, Sec. 2, Advances in Science and Education
2) pg 566, Gutenberg,
3) pg 568, Shakespeare
Ch 19, sec 3
4) reformation – go back to old book and teach indulgences
5) pg 570, reformation, Martin Luther, Protestants,
6) Why did Martin Luther argue against the sale of indulgences?
(He thought they were useless and a waste of money because he believed that only God could grant forgiveness)

7) (Know middle ages is same as dark ages and medieval times. )
TTW ask students how religion, politics, and social change were connected during this period.
9) Franks and Charlemagne pg 503
10) Invaders….Vikings pg 503 & 504
11) Sec. 3 pg 506 feudalism and manor life.
12) vocab p 506 except the people.

————————————————

ANSWERS Ch 14 STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS

CH 14 TEST ON WED. APRIL 1st

1. What is the lasting achievement of Yang Jian’s Sui dynasty?

This dynasty reunified China and ended the Period of Disunion.

2. Why did so many people turn to Buddhism in the Period of Disunion?

They took comfort in the Buddhist teaching that people can escape suffering.

3. During the Tang dynasty, China’s population was about 60 million. During
the Song, the farmers of China fed a country of more than 100 million
people. Which of the following is the best reason for the dramatic
population increase?

Agricultural advances, such as fast-ripening rice and the cultivation of more land, made food plentiful.

4. Why was the Grand Canal primarily built ?

To transport rice and other foods from agricultural areas to the cities.

5. Chinese merchants exported all of the following goods to foreign lands except______

silk.

6. Why did the Chinese keep the silk-making process secret?

Only the Chinese knew how to make silk, giving them control of the trade.

7. What effect did opening the Pacific ports to foreign traders have on China?

It expanded trading, contributing to a strong economy in China.

8. Woodblock printing allowed the Chinese to_______
copy and print texts or drawings very quickly and in large quantities.

9. What is porcelain?

a thin, beautiful form of pottery

10. This instrument, which uses the earth’s magnetic field to indicate direction, revolutionized travel.
What instrument, invented during the Tang dynasty, is described above?

compass

11. What does it mean to work in civil service?

to work as a government official

12. Describe the Genghis Khan’s expeditions of conquest?

bloody attacks in which entire populations of cities and towns were often wiped out

13. Name three methods that the Kublai Khan used to keep control over the Chinese.

1) sent Mongol soldiers throughout China to keep peace and to watch for trouble.
2) made sure Confucian scholars didn’t get too much power in government.
3) made the Chinese people pay very high taxes.

14. What did Europeans learn from Marco Polo?

China was a highly civilized country.

15. What was the primary result of Zheng He’s voyages?

China was able to clearly demonstrate how powerful it was.

16. What is isolationism?

a policy of avoiding contact with other countries
___________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 13 STUDY GUIDE (SECTIONS 1&2 ONLY)
Section 1, Geography and Early Africa

1) What does sub-Saharan Africa mean?

2) What did the Niger River provide to the people living in the region?

3) What impact might the vast Sahara have on the people of this continent?

4) What is the definition of terrain?

5) Who made up an extended family?

6) What were extended families and age-sets importing in early West African culture?

7) Where in Africa are the rifts located?

How were two of West Africa’s valuable mineral resources related to local physical?
geography?

9) What are two groups to which a person in early West Africa may have owned loyalty?

10) How did the use of iron change farming?

Section 2

1) What were the two major resources traded in Ghana?

2) How did the ‘silent barter’ system work?

3) Who was ‘Tunka Manin’?

4) What did Ghana’s kings do with the money they raised from taxes and gold mining?

5) What did the rulers of Ghana not want everyone to have gold?

6) What group invaded Ghana in the late 1000s?

7) How did overgrazing help cause the fall of Ghana?

What is the definition of ‘savannah’?
————————————————————–

ANSWERS Ch 12 Study Guide ANSWERS

Lesson 1
1. Describe the climate and topography of this area. Name two important things about their way of life.

Desert, hot and dry, sand dunes,
Oasis – settled and farmed
Traders – traveled in caravans, why did they travel in caravans? safety
nomads lived in tents and moved place to pace with their herds of sheep, goats and camels. They provided food and milk, meat, wool, leather. They traveled to search for food and water for their animals

2. What does Islam mean? Submit to God

3. What kind of religion is Islam? Monotheistic

4. What is the name of the holy city of Islam? Mecca
5. There was only one God. What is their God’s name? Allah

Lesson 2
1. Who is the founder of Islam and where did he live? Tell something about the founder (minimum 3).
Muhammad
Born into a poor but important family in Mecca.
Parents died and uncle raised him. He traveled in Uncle’s caravans as a child (what were they doing? Trading)
He managed a caravan business owned by a wealthy woman. He married the rich woman but was unhappy with idol worship. He was concerned that the wealthy stopped healing the poor. So, he went to hills and spent time in a deep cave outside to pray and meditate
Muhammad had a vision. The angel Gabriel told him that he would become a messenger to humankind. Muslims believed that God spoke to him through an angel and made him a prophet
Muhammad is the founder of the Islam religion that is based on these messages from the angel

2. What were some achievements of the Muslim culture?
It united people of many languages and cultures
Had a strong interest in art (as shown in their houses of worship the mosques)
Advances in science
Charted the movements of stars and planets
Improvement of the astrolabe – instrument to help sailors navigate using stars and helped make better maps
Advances in medicine
Teaching hospital
Borrowed a system of numbers made up of nine digits and a zero (Arabic numerals)

3. This religion also split because of arguments over who would rule the empire.
Name the two groups it split into.

Sunni – accepted the changing dynasties

Shia – stayed loyal to the descendants of the fourth caliph

Lesson 3
1. What does the name Charlemagne mean? Charles the Great
2. What group or tribe did he come from? from a German tribe
3. Who did he have close ties to? Charlemagne had close ties with the pope
4. What areas did he conquer? Large parts of Italy, Germany, Central Europe,
and Northern Spain

Charlemagne tried to be like Augustus Caesar after he was crowned emperor of the Romans and govern fairly. However, Muslims and Vikings from the north attacked and the empire fell apart and Europe again became a land of small kingdoms

5. Chart out the social system of the Middle Ages and the people’s functions or jobs.

It is called the feudal system in return for the use of the land, people promised services and loyalty

1) King owned all land in his kingdom (and kept large parts for himself)
2) Vassals (nobles) were also tenants (pays rent to landowner); also agreed to fight for
The king in times of war; sent soldiers and fought himself. Also collected taxes for the
King. They were under contract, but the vassals could not read
3) Serfs – were not slaves, but were bound to the land as tenants also. They were the
farmers who worked the land

6. Christendom is the idea that all Christians from all kingdoms formed a community. In 1095, Pope Urban II called on Christendom to help seize control of what?

Seized control of the holy city of Jerusalem from the Seljuk Turks who were Muslims. This started a series of holy wars known as the Crusades

7. How did the Crusades affect life in Europe?

It brought Europeans into close contact with Muslims and their way of life. The new ideas changed their way of thinking. They brought home spices and other Asian goods. A demand for these goods developed into the growth of trade. Trade helped European cities grow. People began moving from the manors to find new jobs in cities.

Chapter 11 Study Guide Rome and Christianity
DIRECTIONS: Write the answer to each below and write the page number that you found the answer.

Section 1

1. Who is the famous orator who called for upper class Romans to work to make Rome a better place?

How did he propose to do this?

2. Generals were working to take over the government. Who was the most powerful?

Tell me 3 things about him.

Who did he have an alliance with?

What kind of government would this be?

3. Name some of Caesar’s challenges (three minimum)

4. Who took over after Julius Caesar was assassinated?

How were they related? Tell what happened.

5. What marked the end of the Roman Republic and started the Roman Empire?

6. Roman conquests promoted trade. How?

What is the Pax Romana and what happened to the empire at this time?

7. Name the accomplishments during this time in Science and Engineering,

Architecture and Art and Literature and language. (minimum 3 each)

Section 2
1. What kind of religion did the ancient Romans practice?

2. They didn’t ban religions unless they thought it a political problem. Which one did they first consider a problem?

What kind of religion was it?

3. What religion next appeared? What kind of religion was it?

4. What happened to Jesus?

5. Who spread Jesus’ teachings? What happened?

Section 3

1. Page 339, do note taking graphic organizer as you read.

Chapter 10 Study Guide
DIRECTIONS: Write the answer to each below and write the page you found the answer.

Section 1, Geography and the Rise of Rome

1. On what peninsula is the Roman Empire first located?
What is it shaped like?
What mountain ranges are located on the peninsula?

2. On what river was Rome first built?
Why did they locate near a river?

3. In ancient Rome, ‘What’s for supper’ ?

4. Who founded Rome? Tell the legend about it.

5. What type of government did Rome first have?

6. The Romans formed a republic and it was not a democracy. What type of government was it?

7. What type of government did the Romans choose during difficult times?

8. Name the two classes of citizens that Rome had. Tell about each one of them.

Section 2 – Government and Society

1. Read the section and complete the graphic organizer, on page 302, as you read and take notes.

2. Which part of Roman government was made up of the common people?
What are the common people called?

3. Who had the power to veto and what does veto mean

4. What did the Roman written laws do?

5. What is a Forum and tell me about it?

Section 3, The Late Republic

1. Rome eventually took over the entire peninsula. Who invaded the city & paid ransom for them
to leave? Then other started invading. What did Rome form that finally gave the success in
defending their empire?

2. As Rome grew they couldn’t produced enough food. What did they do?

3. Rome grew powerful and other peoples in the Mediterranean started to fear them declared war on them. The other people were defeated. Name the most famous wars Rome participated.
Who were the wars fought against?

4. There were three Punic Wars. Tell something about each of them and tell who won it.

5. Tell me two things about Spartacus?
————————————————

Chapter 9 Study Guide

DIRECTIONS: Any each quesiton in complete sentences and write the reference page, the page you found the answer in the social studies book.

Section 1, Greece and Persia

1. Where is Persia located?

2. Who was the person who started the Persian Empire? What did he do for the people to keep them from rebelling against him?

3. Who took over after Cyrus the Great and then his son died? This person organize his government into Provinces and then appointed governors who did what?

4. What kinds of improvements did he do for the empire?

5. Greeks under Persia rule rebelled and Persia and Greece started fighting. This began a series of wars which are known as the Persian Wars. Where did they meet first? Who won? What Olympic even is named for this battle and why?

Section 2, Sparta and Athens
1. Do a comparison chart comparing Sparta and Athens.

2. What is the war between Sparta and Athens called? Why was it called this?

Section 3, Alexander the Great
1. Do the note taking exercise on page 272 as you read this section

Section 4, Greek Achievements
1. The ancient Greeks had achievements in the arts, philosophy and science. Name three achievements under each.

Chapter 8 Study Guide

Section 1, Geography and the Early Greeks

1. List 5 landforms you will find in (or near) Greece.

2. Why didn’t villages communicate with each other?

3. Name the two trading cultures that developed in early Greece.
Name 3 things about each society

4. After the Greek dark ages and 300 years after the Mycenans crumbled the Greeks had their classical age. What is a city state and what is is called. What is the city state centered around?

Section 2 Government and Athens
1. Greece is the birthplace of what?

2. Under what type of government did the Greeks first live?

3. Who overthrew the oligarchy? What type of leader did he become?

4. What city state created democracy? Tell three things about this democracy.

5. Under which leader did Athens reach its height? Name two things he did.

6. Name the two types of modern democracy and tell about them.

Section 3, Greek Mythology and Literature
1. How did the ancient Greeks explain mysterious events? What type of religion did the Greeks practice?

2. Who is the famous Greek poet? Name his two most famous works and what is was about?

3. What were the Greek stories that teach readers lessons?

CHAPTER 7 STUDY GUIDE

1. Who established a great kingdom called Israel after years as desert nomads?

2. What was the journey the Hebrews made out of Egypt?

3. Who led the Hebrews out of Egypt and received the Ten Commandments from God on Mt. Sinai?

4. What is the Hebrews’ religion?

5. Who was promised by God that he would be led to a new land where his descendants would make up a mighty nation?

6. Who built a great temple to God in Jerusalem that became the center of the Israelites’ religious life?

7. Who united Israel’s tribal leaders and established Jerusalem as Israel’s new capital?

8. What is the scattering of Jews outside of Canaan?

9. What are the central beliefs of Judaism?

10. What are the texts that contain Jewish beliefs?

11. What means belief in only one god?

12. What sacred text of Judaism contains most of the laws and history of the Jews until the death of Moses?

13. In 1947 young boys looking for a lost goat found the Dead Sea Scrolls packed in jars in a small cave. What was included among the Dead Sea Scrolls?

14. What religion was influenced by Judaism?

TRUE OR FALSE

______15. Rabbis were a rebellious group who did not think that Jews should answer to anyone but God. This belief caused tensions between Jews and Romans to rise.

______16. Although the Romans forced the Jews to leave Israel, the Jews maintained their religion thanks to shared beliefs and customs.

______17. Jewish religious teachers are called rabbis. Many rabbis also serve as leaders of their communities.

______18. Jews who moved to France and Germany during the Diaspora were called the Sephardim. They had different customs and a different language from the Jews who settled in Spain and Portugal.

______19. The Ashkenazim Jews preferred not to mix with their non-Jewish neighbors and therefore developed their own customs.

______20. The Sephardic Jews produced a golden age of Jewish culture in the AD 1000s and 1100s. Their religious and cultural practices borrowed elements from other cultures.

______21. Passover, Christmas, Rosh Hashanah, and Yom Kippur are traditions and holy days that help Jews understand and celebrate their history.

Fill In The Blank

______22. The Jews believe that the Ten Commandments were given by God to ___________

______23. The ancient Jews probably were the first people to

______24. The basic teachings and laws that guide the Jewish people are found in the

______25. Which group was most responsible for the migration of Jews out of Jerusalem to other parts of the Mediterranean region?

______26. Moses issued a set of laws for the Hebrew people to follow. What other ancient leader is famous for issuing a code of laws?

______27. Jewish teachings required people to honor and respect their parents. This was an idea also common in China. In his writings, who else encouraged people to respect their parents?

1)  communism – an economic and political system in which the government owns all businesses and controls the economy.

2)  fascism – (FASH-iz-uhm) a political system based on nationalism and strong government; Adolph Hitler in Germany and Benito Mussolini in Italy were the first fascist leaders.

3)  Allies – Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States joined together in World War II against Germany, Italy, and Japan.

4)  genocide – the deliberate destruction of a people.

5)  ideologies – (i-dee-AH-luh-jeez) systems or beliefs.

6)  terrorism – criminal activity involving the use of violence.

Chapter 22 French Revolution Vocabulary Words and Definitions

SECTION 1
1) conservatism
- a movement that arose to preserve the old social order and governments in an
effort to return Europe to the way it was before the French Revolution

2) liberalism
- a movement for individual rights and liberties

SECTION 2
3) factory system -
is a system in which machines rapidly manufacture large quantities of items

4) laissez-faire
(leh-say-FAYR) – a “let things be” attitude on the part of government toward industry

5) socialism
-a political and economic system in which the government owns the means of production

SECTION 3
6) nationalism
- a devotion and loyalty to one’s country; develops among people with a common language, religion, or history

7) nation-states -
self-governing countries made up of people with a common cultural background

imperialism -
the control of a region or country by another country.

————————-

TCAP Vocabulary Words

1. primary sources – records made by people who took part in or saw an event. journals,
letters, poems, pictures. It gives us a direct link to the past

2. secondary source – not a direct link. A magazine article, newspaper article written by
someone who was not there but heard about it. We are a secondary source of the World
Trade Center disaster. We can talk and discuss, but we weren’t there.

3. historical empathy – understanding how people felt at a certain time in history. Bring in
women’s rights. Women stay home. During earlier times this wasn’t questioned. It was
expected

4. perspective – point of view (tell girls they don’t have to take the next test. Girls like it,
Boys don’t.

5. chronology – time order

6. cause – an action that makes something happen.

7. effect – What happens

8. absolute location – global address or exact location. Need to latitude and longitude

9. relative location – a location described in relation to another location. I am south of
Suzie, Now I’m north of Suzie

10, physical features – landforms, climate, plant and animal life.

11. human features – changes in the earth by humans such as buildings, bridges,
farms, or roads.

12. regions – areas with features that make them different. You see this on the weather.
snow in the NE region, drought in the SW region. Let them guess live in the mid-south
region (a fair is named for our region)

13. map title – tells the subject of the map. The first thing you look at when you look at a
map, chart or graft.

14. map key – or map legend explains the symbols on the map

15. compass rose – direction marker

16. cardinal directions North, South, East & West, (No, Eat, Shredded, Wheat)

17. Intermediate directions – Northeast, Northwest, Southeast and Southwest. East North is
wrong.

18. inset map – small map within a larger map.

19. culture – define culture. What is it? It is our language, music, religions, holidays,
traditions, customs, dance, and dress.

20. government and civics – Study of citizenship and the way people govern themselves.
(This covers our extensive government as well as leaders that emerge in early
cavemen days)

21. economy – the way people use their resources to meet their needs. This covers money,
stocks, jobs as well as the early people using all parts of the animal killed.

22. geography – the study of the Earth’s surface and how we use it.
—————————————————-

Chapter 12 Vocabulary Definitions

Section 1
1. oasis – a wet, fertile area within a desert

2. caravan – a group of traders that travel together

3. Muhammad: (c. 570–632) Founder of Islam, he spread Islam’s teachings to the people of Arabia. His teachings make up the Qu’ran.

4. Islam – a religion based on the messages Muhammad is believed to have received from God

5. Muslim – a follower of Islam

6. Qur’an – (kuh-RAN) the holy book of Islam

7. pilgrimage – a journey to a sacred place

8. mosque – (MAHSK) a building for Muslim prayer

Section 2
1. jihad – (ji-HAHD) to make an effort or to struggle; has also been interpreted to mean holy war

2. Sunnah – (SOOH-nuh) a collection of writings about the way Muhammad lived that provides a model for Muslims to follow

3. Five Pillars of Islam – five acts of worship required of all Muslims

Section 3
1. Abu Bakr: (uh-boo BAK-uhr) (c. 573–634) The first caliph, he ruled the Muslim world after Muhammad’s death.

2. caliph – (KAY-luhf) a title that Muslims use for the highest leader of Islam

3. tolerance – acceptance

4. Janissary – an Ottoman slave soldier

5. Mehmed II: (1432–1481) Ottoman sultan, he defeated the Byzantine Empire in 1453.

6. Suleyman I: (soo-lay-MAHN) (c. 1494–1566) Ottoman ruler, he governed the empire at its height.

7. Shia – (SHEE-ah) a member of the second-largest branch of Islam

8. Sunni – a member of the largest branch of Islam

Section 4
1. Ibn Battutah: (1304–c. 1368) Muslim traveler and writer, he visited Africa, India, China, and Spain.

2. Sufism (SOO-fi-zuhm) a movement in Islam that taught people they can find God’s love by having a personal relationship with God

3. Omar Khayym: (oh-mahr-ky-AHM) (c. 1048–c. 1131) Sufi poet, mathematician, and astronomer, he wrote The Rubiyt.

4. patron – a sponsor

5. minaret – a narrow tower from which Muslims are called to prayer

6. calligraphy -decorative writing

—————————————–

Chapter 11 Vocabulary Words and Definition

Section 1
1. Cicero: (SIS-uh-roh) (106–43 BC) Roman orator and philosopher, he tried to limit the power of Rome’s generals and give control of the government back to the Senate.

2. Julius Caesar: (JOOL-yuhs SEE-zuhr) (100–44 BC) Roman general, he was one of the greatest military leaders in history. Caesar conquered most of Gaul and was named dictator for life, but was later murdered by a group of senators.

3. Pompey:

4. Augustus: (aw-GUHS-tuhs) (63 BC–AD 14) First Roman emperor, he was originally named Octavian. He was the great-nephew of Julius Caesar and gained control of Rome after defeating Marc Antony in battle. As emperor, Augustus built many monuments and a new forum.

5. currency – money

6. Pax Romana – Roman Peace; a period of general peace and prosperity in the Roman Empire that lasted from 27 BC to AD 180

7. aqueduct – (A-kwuh-duhkt) a human-made raised channel that carries water from distant places

8. Romance languages – languages that developed from Latin, such as Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian

9. civil law – a legal system based on a written code of laws

Section 2
1. Christianity – a religion based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth that developed in Judea at the beginning of the first century AD

2. Jesus of Nazareth: (c. AD 1–30) Founder of Christianity, he taught about kindness and love for God. His teachings spread throughout the Roman Empire and the world.

3. crucifixion – (kroo-suh-FIK-shuhn) a type of execution in which a person was nailed to a cross

4. Resurrection – in Christianity, Jesus’ rise from the dead

5. Paul: (c. AD 10–67) One of the most important figures in the spread of Christianity, he worked to spread Jesus’ teachings and wrote letters that explained key ideas of Christianity.

6. Constantine: (KAHN-stuhn-teen) (c. 280–337) Roman emperor, he was the first Roman emperor to become a Christian. Constantine moved the empire’s capital from Rome to Constantinople and removed bans on Christianity.

Section 3
1. Diocletian: (dy-uh-KLEE-shuhn) (c. 245–c. 316) Roman emperor, he divided the Roman Empire into eastern and western halves.

2. Attila: (AT-uhl-uh) (c. 406–453) Leader of the Huns, he led invasions of Constantinople, Greece, Gaul, and northern Italy and was greatly feared by the Romans.

3. corruption – the decay of people’s values

4. Justinian: (juh-STIN-ee-uhn) (c. 483–565) Byzantine emperor, he reunited the Roman Empire, simplified Roman laws with Justinian’s Code, and ordered Hagia Sophia built.

5. Theodora: (thee-uh-DOHR-uh) (c. 500–548) Wife of the Byzantine emperor Justinian, she was a smart and powerful woman who helped him rule effectively.

6. Byzantine Empire – the society that developed in the eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

Chapter 10 Vocabulary Definitions

Section 1

1. Aeneas: (i-NEE-uhs) (c. 2500s BC) Legendary Roman hero, the Romans traced their history back to Aeneas. Aeneas was a Trojan hero who left Troy after the Trojan War, eventually settling in Italy.

2. Romulus and Remus: (c. 753 BC) Legendary figures in Roman history, they built a city that eventually became Rome.

3. republic -a political system in which people elect leaders to govern them

4. dictator – a ruler who has almost absolute power

5. Cincinnatus: (sin-suh-NAT-uhs) (born c. 519) Roman dictator, he was chosen by the Romans to defend their lands from attack. Later, he willingly gave up power and was considered an ideal leader by the Romans.

6. plebeians – (pli-BEE-uhnz) the common people of ancient Rome

7. patricians – (puh-TRI-shunz) the nobility in Roman society

Section 2

1. magistrate – (MA-juh-strayt) an elected official in Rome

2. consuls -KAHN-suhlz) the two most powerful officials in Rome

3. Roman Senate- a council of wealthy & powerful citizens who advised Rome’s leaders

4. veto – (VEE-toh) to reject or prohibit actions and laws of other government officials

5. Latin – the language of the Romans

6. checks & balances-a system that balances the distribution of power in government

Section 3

1. legion – (LEE-juhn) a group of up to 6,000 Roman soldiers

2. Punic Wars – a series of wars between Rome and Carthage in the 200s and 100s BC

3. Hannibal: (247–183 BC) Carthaginian general, he was one of the greatest generals of the ancient world. Hannibal invaded Italy during the Second Punic War but was eventually defeated by Scipio at the Battle of Zama.

4. Gaius Marius: (GY-uhs MER-ee-uhs) (157–86 BC) Roman consul, he was a popular general who encouraged the unemployed poor to join the Roman army.

5. Lucius Cornelius Sulla: (LOO-shuhs kawr-NEEL-yuhs SUHL-uh) (138–78 BC) Roman consul, he battled Gaius Marius in a civil war.

6. Spartacus: (SPAHR-tuh-kuhs) (c. 73 BC) Former Roman gladiator, he led a slave revolt against Rome.

Chapter 9 Vocabulary Words and Definitions

Section 1
1. Cyrus the Great: (SY-ruhs) (c. 585–529 BC) Persian emperor, he created the Persian Empire by conquering most of Southwest Asia.

2. cavalry – a unit of soldiers who ride horses

3. Darius I: (da-RY-uhs) (550–486 BC) Persian emperor, he restored order to the Persian Empire after a period of rebellion. Darius I built roads and made other improvements to Persian society.

4. Persian Wars – a series of wars between Persia and Greece in the 400s BC

5. Xerxes I: (ZUHRK-seez) (519–465 BC) Persian ruler, he tried to conquer Greece during the Persian Wars but was defeated.

Section 2
1. alliance – an agreement to work together

2. Peloponnesian War – a war between Athens and Sparta in the 400s BC

Section 3
1. Philip II: (ruled 359–336 BC) Macedonian king, he was a brilliant military leader who defeated the Greeks. Alexander the Great was his son.

2. phalanx – (FAY-langks) a group of Greek warriors who stood close together in a square formation

3. Alexander the Great: (c. 356–323 BC) Macedonian ruler, he was one of the greatest military commanders in history. The son of Philip II, Alexander conquered large areas of Asia and parts of Europe and Africa and spread Greek culture throughout his empire.

4. Hellenistic – Greek-like; heavily influenced by Greek ideas

Section 4
1. Socrates: (SAHK-ruh-teez) (470–399 BC) Greek philosopher, his teaching style was based on asking questions. He wanted people to question their own beliefs. Socrates was arrested and condemned to death for challenging authority.

2. Plato: (PLAYT-oh) (428–389 BC) Greek philosopher, he was a student of Socrates. Plato started a school in Athens called the Academy and wrote The Republic, which describes an ideal society run by philosophers

3. Aristotle: (ar-uh-STAH-tuhl) (384–322 BC) Greek philosopher, he was a student of Plato. Aristotle taught that people should live lives of moderation and use reason in their lives.

4. reason – clear and ordered thinking

5. Euclid: (YOO-kluhd) (c. 300 BC) Greek mathematician, he was one of the greatest mathematicians in history. Euclid is famous for his contributions to the field of geometry.

6. Hippocrates: (hip-AHK-ruh-teez) (c. 460–c. 377 BC) Greek doctor, he is regarded as the father of medicine. Hippocrates tried to find out what caused diseases and is known today for his ideas on how doctors should conduct themselves.

CH 8 VOCABULARY DEFINITIONS LISTED BELOW CH 9

Chapter 9 Vocabulary Words and Definitions

Section 1
1. Cyrus the Great: (SY-ruhs) (c. 585–529 BC) Persian emperor, he created the Persian Empire by conquering most of Southwest Asia.

2. cavalry – a unit of soldiers who ride horses

3. Darius I: (da-RY-uhs) (550–486 BC) Persian emperor, he restored order to the Persian Empire after a period of rebellion. Darius I built roads and made other improvements to Persian society.

4. Persian Wars – a series of wars between Persia and Greece in the 400s BC

5. Xerxes I: (ZUHRK-seez) (519–465 BC) Persian ruler, he tried to conquer Greece during the Persian Wars but was defeated.

Section 2
1. alliance – an agreement to work together

2. Peloponnesian War – a war between Athens and Sparta in the 400s BC

Section 3
1. Philip II: (ruled 359–336 BC) Macedonian king, he was a brilliant military leader who defeated the Greeks. Alexander the Great was his son.

2. phalanx – (FAY-langks) a group of Greek warriors who stood close together in a square formation

3. Alexander the Great: (c. 356–323 BC) Macedonian ruler, he was one of the greatest military commanders in history. The son of Philip II, Alexander conquered large areas of Asia and parts of Europe and Africa and spread Greek culture throughout his empire.

4. Hellenistic – Greek-like; heavily influenced by Greek ideas

Section 4
1. Socrates: (SAHK-ruh-teez) (470–399 BC) Greek philosopher, his teaching style was based on asking questions. He wanted people to question their own beliefs. Socrates was arrested and condemned to death for challenging authority.

2. Plato: (PLAYT-oh) (428–389 BC) Greek philosopher, he was a student of Socrates. Plato started a school in Athens called the Academy and wrote The Republic, which describes an ideal society run by philosophers

3. Aristotle: (ar-uh-STAH-tuhl) (384–322 BC) Greek philosopher, he was a student of Plato. Aristotle taught that people should live lives of moderation and use reason in their lives.

4. reason – clear and ordered thinking

5. Euclid: (YOO-kluhd) (c. 300 BC) Greek mathematician, he was one of the greatest mathematicians in history. Euclid is famous for his contributions to the field of geometry.

6. Hippocrates: (hip-AHK-ruh-teez) (c. 460–c. 377 BC) Greek doctor, he is regarded as the father of medicine. Hippocrates tried to find out what caused diseases and is known today for his ideas on how doctors should conduct themselves.

______________________________________________________________________

Chapter 8 Vocabulary Words and Definitions

Section 1
1. polis – (PAH-luhs) the Greek word for a city-state

2. classical – an age marked by great achievements

3. acropolis – (uh-KRAH-puh-luhs) a high hill upon which a Greek fortress was built

Section 2
1. democracy – a type of government in which people rule themselves

2. aristocrat – (uh-RIS-tuh-krat) a rich landowner or noble

3. oligarchy – (AH-luh-gar-kee) a government in which only a few people have power

4. citizen – a person who has the right to participate in government

5. tyrant – an ancient Greek leader who held power through the use of force

6. Pericles: (PER-uh-kleez) (495–429 BC) Athenian leader, he encouraged the spread of democracy and led Athens when the city was at its height.

Section 3
1. mythology – stories about gods and heroes that try to explain how the world

works

2. Homer: (800s–700s BC) Greek poet, he wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey, two famous Greek epic poems. They describe the deeds of heroes during and after the Trojan War.

3. Sappho: (SAF-oh) (c. 610–580 BC) Greek poet, she was one of the most famous lyric poets of Greece.

4. Aesop: (EE-sahp) (before 400 BC) Ancient Greek storyteller, he was famous for his fables—short stories that teach important lessons about life.

5. fable – a short story that teaches a lesson about life or gives advice on how to live.

Chapter 7 Vocabulary Words and Definitions

Ch 7, Section 1

Judaism – (JOO-dee-i-zuhm) the religion of the Hebrews; it is the world’s oldest monotheistic religion

Abraham – Biblical figure, according to the Bible, God led Abraham to Canaan, and Abraham’s descendants became the Jewish people.

Moses – (c. 1200s BC) Biblical figure, according to the Bible, he led the Hebrew people out of Egypt and back to Canaan in the Exodus. During this journey, Moses received the Ten Commandments from God.

Exodus – the journey of the Hebrews, led by Moses, from Egypt to Canaan after they were freed from slavery

Ten Commandments – in the Bible, a code of moral laws given to Moses by God

David: (c. 1000 BC) King of Israel, he defeated the Philistines and moved the capital to Jerusalem after capturing that city.

Solomon: (SAHL-uh-muhn) (ruled c. 965–930 BC) King of Israel, he formed alliances with nearby kingdoms and built a temple to God in Jerusalem.

Diaspora – (dy-AS-pruh) the scattering of the Jews outside of Canaan after the Babylonian Captivity
,
Ch 7, Section 2

Monotheism – the belief in only one god

Torah – the most sacred text of Judaism

Synagogue (SI-nuh-gawg) a Jewish house of worship

prophets -

Talmud (TAHL-moohd) a set of commentaries, stories, and folklore that explains

Dead Sea Scrolls – writings about Jewish beliefs created about 2,000 years ago

Ch 7, Section 3
Zealots – (ZE-luhts) radical Jews who supported rebellion against the Romans

Rabbi – (RAB-eye) a Jewish religious teach

Passover – a holiday in which Jews remember the Exodus

High Holy Days – the two most sacred of all Jewish holidays—Rosh Hashanah and Yom

Chapter 6 Vocabulary Words and Definitions (Ch 5 below Ch 6)

Ch 6, Section 1

1. jade – a hard gemstone often used in jewelry

2. oracle – a prediction by a wise person, or a person who makes a prediction

Ch 6, Section 2
1. lord – a person of high rank who owned land but owed loyalty to his king

2. peasant – a farmer with a small farm

3. Confucius: (551–479 BC) Chinese philosopher, he was the most influential teacher in Chinese history. His teachings, called Confucianism, focused on morality, family, society, and government.

4. ethics – moral values

5. Confucianism – a philosophy based on the ideas of Confucius that focuses on morality, family order, social harmony, and government

6. Daoism – (DOW-ih-zum) a philosophy that developed in China and stressed the belief that one should live in harmony with the Dao, the guiding force of all reality

7. Laozi: (LOWD-zuh) (c. 500s or 400s BC) Chinese philospoher, he was the most famous Daoist teacher. Laozi is credited with writing The Way and Its Power, Daoism’s basic text.

8. Legalism – the Chinese belief that people were bad by nature and needed to be controlled

Ch 6, Section 3
1. Shi Huangdi: (SHEE hwahng-dee) (259–210 BC) Ruler of China, he united China for the first time. He built roads and canals and began the Great Wall of China. Shi Huangdi also imposed a standard system of laws, money, weights, and writing system in China.

2. Great Wall – a barrier made of walls across China’s northern frontier

Ch 6, Section 4
1. sundial – a device that uses the position of shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day

2. seismograph – a device that measures the strength of an earthquake

3. acupuncture – (AK-yoo-punk-cher) – the Chinese practice of inserting fine needles through the skin at specific points to cure disease or relieve pain

Ch 6, Section 5
1. silk – a soft, light, and highly valued fabric developed in China

2. Silk Road – a network of trade routes that stretched across Asia from China to the Mediterranean Sea
3. diffusion – the spread of ideas from one culture to another
_______________________________________________________________________

Chapter 5 Vocabulary Words and Definitions

Ch 5, Section 1

1. subcontinent – a large landmass that is smaller than a continent, such as India. It is usually separated from the rest of the continent.

2. monsoon – a seasonal wind pattern that causes wet and dry seasons

3. Sanskrit – the most important language of ancient India

Ch 5, Section 2

1. caste system – the division of Indian society into groups based on rank, wealth, or occupation

2. Hinduism – the main religion of India; it teaches that everything is part of a universal spirit called Brahman

3. reincarnation – a Hindu and Buddhist belief that souls are born and reborn many times, each time into a new body

4. karma – in Buddhism and Hinduism, the effects that good or bad actions have on a person’s soul

5. Jainism – an Indian religion based on the teachings of Mahavira that teaches all life is sacred

6. nonviolence – the avoidance of violent actions

Ch 5, Section 3

1. fasting – going without food for a period of time

2. meditation – deep, continued thought that focuses the mind on spiritual ideas

3. The Buddha: (BOO-duh) (c. 563–483 BC) Founder of Buddhism, he was originally an Indian prince named Siddhartha Gautama. He founded the Buddhist religion after a long spiritual journey through India.

4. Buddhism – a religion based on the teachings of the Buddha that developed in India in the 500s BC

5. nirvana – in Buddhism, a state of perfect peace

6. missionary – someone who works to spread religious beliefs

Ch 5, Section 4

1. Candragupta Maurya: (kuhn-druh-GOOP-tuhmour-yuh) (late 300s BC) Mauryan ruler, he founded the Mauryan Empire in northern India.

2. Asoka: (uh-SOH-kuh) (ruled 270–232 BC) Ruler of the Mauryan Empire, he extended his control over most of India and promoted the spread of Buddhism.

3. Candra Gupta II: (kuhn-druh-GOOP-tuh) (300s–400s) Gupta emperor, he ruled India during the height of Gupta power.

Ch 5, Section 5

1. alloy – a mixture of two or more metals

2. Hindu-Arabic numerals – the number system we use today; it was created by Indian scholars during the Gupta dynasty

3. inoculation (i-nah-kyuh-LAY-shuhn) – injecting a person with a small dose of a virus to help build up defenses to a disease

4. astronomy – the study of stars and planets

CHAPTER 4 VOCABULARY WORDS AND DEFINITIONS

Chapter 4, Section 1

1) cataracts – rapids along a river, such as those along the Nile in Egypt

2) delta – a triangle-shaped area of land made from soil deposited by a river

3) pharaoh – (FEHR-oh) the title used by the rulers of Egypt

4) Dynasty – a series of rulers from the same family

Chapter 4, Section 2

5) Old Kingdom – he period from about 2700 to 2200 BC in Egyptian history that began shortly after Egypt was unified

6) nobles – a rich and powerful person

7) afterlife – life after death, much of Egyptian religion focused on the

mummies – a specially treated body wrapped in cloth for preservation

9) elite – (AY-leet) people of wealth and power

10) pyramids – a huge triangular tomb built by the Egyptians and other peoples

11) engineering – the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes

Chapter 4, Section 3

12) Middle Kingdom – the period of Egyptian history from about 2050 to 1750 BC and marked by order and stability

13) New Kingdom – the period from about 1550 to 1050 BC in Egyptian history when Egypt reached the height of its power and glory

14)trade routes – a path followed by traders

Chapter 4, Section 4

15) hieroglyphics – (hy-ruh-GLIH-fiks) the ancient Egyptian writing system that used picture symbols

16) papyrus – (puh-PY-ruhs) a long-lasting, paper like material made from reeds that the ancient Egyptians used to write on

17) Rosetta Stone – a huge stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphics, Greek, and a later form of Egyptian that allowed historians to understand Egyptian writing

18) sphinxes – (sfinks) an imaginary creature with a human head and the body of a lion that was often shown on Egyptian statues

19) obelisk – (AH-buh-lisk) a tall, pointed, four-sided pillar in ancient Egypt

Chapter 4, Section 5
20) trade network – a system of people in different lands who trade goods back and forth

21) merchants – a person that trades.

22) exports – items sent out ‘exit’ to other regions for trade

23) imports – goods brought ‘in’ from other regions

Famous People
Menes: (MEE-neez)
Queen Hatshepsut
Ramses the Great – (RAM-seez)
Piankhi – (PYANG-kee)
King Tutankhamen – (too-tang-KAHM-uhn)
Queen Shanakhdakheto – (shah-nahk-dah-KEE-toh)
King Ezana – (AY-zah-nah)
—————————————

Chapter 3 Social Studies Vocabulary Words and Definitions

Chapter 3, Section 1

1) Fertile Crescent – an area of rich farmland in Southwest Asia where the first civilizations began

2) silt – a mixture of fertile soil and tiny rocks that can make land ideal for farming

3) irrigation – a way of supplying water to an area of land.

4) canals – a human-made waterway

5) surplus – more of something than is needed

6) division of labor – an arrangement in which each worker specializes in a particular task or job

Chapter 3, Section 2

1) rural – a countryside area

2) urban – a city area

3) city-state – a political unit consisting of a city and its surrounding countryside

4) Gilgamesh – (c. 3000 BC) King of Uruk, a citystate in Sumer, he became a legendary figure in Sumerian literature.

5) Sargon – (c. 2300 BC) King of Akkad, a land north of Sumer, he built the world’s first empire after defeating Sumer and northern Mesopotamia.

6) empire – land with different territories and peoples under a single rule

7) polytheism – the worship of many gods

priests – a person who performs religious ceremonies

9) social hierarchy – the division of society by rank or class

Chapter 3, Section 3

1) cuneiform – (kyoo-NEE-uh-fohrm) the world’s first system of writing; developed in Sumer

2) pictographs – a picture symbol

3) scribe – a writer

4) epics – long poems that tell the stories of heroes

5) architecture – the science of building

6) ziggurat – a pyramid-shaped temple in Sumer

Chapter 3, Section 4 (these are not on the list for Ch 3 nor will they be on the vocabulary test on Ch. 3)

1) monarch
2) Hammurabi’s Code
3) Chariot
4) Nebuchadnezzar
5) alphabet

Chapter 2, Section 1, pages 24- 35

1) prehistory – the time before there was writing

2) hominid – an early ancestor of humans

3) ancestor – a relative who lived in the past

4) tool – an object that has been modified to help a person accomplish a task

5)Paleolithic Era – (pay-lee-uh-LI-thik) the first part of the Stone Age; when people first used stone tools

6) society – a community of people who share a common cultur

7) hunter-gatherers – people who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive

Chapter 2, Section 2, pages 36 – 39

1)Migrate – move to a new place

2)ice ages – long periods of freezing weather

3)land bridge – a strip of land connecting two continents

4)Mesolithic Erato – the middle part of the Stone Age; marked by the creation of smaller and more complex tools

Chapter 2, Section 3, pages 40 -43

1) Neolithic Era – the New Stone Age; when people learned to make fire and tools such as saws and drills

2) domestication – BUILDING BACKGROUND The discovery that plants grew from seeds was one of the major advances of the late Stone Age. Other similar advances led to great changes in the way people lived.

3) agriculture – farming

4) megaliths – a huge stone monument

Chapter 1, Section 1 Vocabulary Words and Definitions

1. values – the knowledge, beliefs, customs, and values of a group of people.

2. history – the study of the past.

3. secondary source – history textbook, journal article, or encyclopedia.

4. primary source – account of an event created by someone who took part in or witnessed the event.

5. culture – ideas that people hold dear and try to live by.

6. artifacts - objects created by and used by humans, such as coins, arrowheads, tools, toys, and pottery

7. archaeology – the study of the past based on the things left behind.

8. fossil – part or imprint of something that was once alive.

Chapter 1, Section 2 Vocabulary Words and Definitions

1. climate – the average weather conditions in a certain area over a long period of time.

2. environment – all the living and nonliving things that affect life in an area.

3. geography – the study of Earth’s physical and cultural features.

4. landforms – he natural features of the land’s surface.

5. region – an area with one or more features that make it different from surrounding areas.

6. resource – he materials found on Earth that people need and value.

Maps Skills Quiz Study Guide (Maps Skills Quiz on Friday, August 22nd)

1. history - Things that happen in the past

2. primary source – records made by people who saw or took part in an event.

3. secondary source – is not a direct link. It could be written by someone who was not there at the time.

4. chronology - putting things in the order in which they happened or time order.

5. geography – the study of the Earth’s surface and the way people use it.

6. absolute location – an exact location

7. relative location – is direction from you

8. cardinal directions – NSEW (north, south, east, west)

9. intermediate directions – NE, SE, NW, SW (north east, south east, north west, south west)

10. scale – Compares distance on a map

11. economics – The study of how people of a country use their resources to meet their needs

12. The equator is an imaginary line passing round the globe, at an equal distance from the North and South poles.

13. The prime meridian is at zero degrees and passes through Greenwich, England.

14. Latitude - distance measured north or south from the equator.

15. Longitude – distance measured east or west from the prime meridian.

16. Hemisphere – The northern or southern half of the earth as divided by the equator or the eastern or western half as divided by a meridian.

17. We live in the northern hemisphere, the half of the earth between the North Pole and the equator, and the western hemisphere the hemisphere that includes North America.

18. When the Prime Meridian crosses the North and South Pole it becomes the International Date Line

1. Trace – follow, step by step, do an outline, do a timeline, sequence.

2. Analyze – identify, examine, understand it better, take it apart, look at the little pieces.

3. Infer – imply or suggest, make a reasonable guess, suggest, read between the lines, hypothesize, use your own experiences.

4. Evaluate – consider it, solve it, assess it, grade it, in your opinion, tell me the good and the bad.

5. Formulate – express, communicate, draw, create, design, devise, construct, set goals.

6. Describe – to give account of, label, outline, represent something pictorially, tell me about it, in your own words, show me, use your adjectives, give five W’s and the H. (who, what, where, why, when, and how).

7. Support – reinforce, to be in favor of something such as a cause policy or organization, justify, evidence, back it up, argue the point, give examples, give reasons.

8. Explain – to give the reason for something, put it your own words, give the 5 W’s and H (who, what, where, why, when, and how).

9. Summarize – to give a shorten version, wrap it up, the remix, put in the ‘W’s and the ‘H’ (who, what, where, when, why and how, put these into one sentence.

10. Compare – examine two or more things, similarities, show how things are alike AND different.

11. Contrast – a difference or something that is different compared with something else, all the way that they are different and alike.

12. Predict – to say what is going to happen in the future, probably, look into your crystal ball, tell us what is going to happen.

World History

Publisher: Holt, Reinholt, and Winston

http://my.hrw.com

5/22 – 6th Grade Knowledge Bowl
5/25 – Memorial Day (no classes)
5/26 – Semester awards programs (6th grade @ 8:30 am)
5/27 – Last day of classes

LOOKING AHEAD:

8/ 4 2009-2010 School registration

8/10 2009-2010 Classes begin
S.F.M.S. DRESS CODE REMINDERS:

* No cargo pockets on shorts, skirts, or long pants

* No T-shirts, including over collared shirts, except on Spirit Days

* No collared shirts with graphics (solids, stripes, or plaids only)

* No hoods during the school day

6th Grade Knowledge Bowl will take place from Wednesday – Friday

We will continue to work on Facing History and Ourselves – Identity & Community: An Introduction to 6th Grade Social Studies unit. This past week we had discussions about, ‘What Makes Our Identity?’ This next week, and remaining days, we will continue with ‘What Makes a Community?’

Week of May 11th to May15th

The students received this writing assignment on Tuesday, May 12th. It is due by Thursday, May 14th. We read two excerpts from two books and discussed the situation and the person. the first one is listed below and the other was from Farewell to Manzanar. Each student received a sheet of paper with the excerpts, the writing topics, and the due date on Tues of this week. The students have to choose one of two topics given:

My Name
House on Mango Street by Sandra Cusneros

Esperanza ponders the meaning and pronunciation of her name, which means “hope” in its English translation from Spanish. She is named after her great-grandmother, who was also born during the Chinese Year of the Horse. Although she never met her, she would have loved to get to know the wild woman who was her namesake, who never wanted to marry or be tamed, until her grandfather carried her off as his object.

“And the story goes she never forgave him. She looked out the window her whole life, the way so many women sit their sadness on an elbow. I wonder if she made the best with what she got or was she sorry because she couldn’t be all the things she wanted to be. Esperanza. I have inherited her name, but I don’t want to inherit her place by the window.”

Topic Tracking: Family 3
Esperanza does not like the way people pronounce her beautiful Spanish name at school and likes to keep it whole – without a nickname – like her sister Magdalena (Nenny). She secretly wants to baptize herself under a new name more suited to her private personality, for she does not like the mumbled English sounding name of Esperanza.

Write four paragraphs (three paragraphs for 1st period) on one of the below topics:

1) Have you had an experience like Esperanza or Jeanne? How did you feel? How did you handle it? Would you have handled it differently now?
OR
2) Experiences help us define who we are and who we are not. Identify an experience that shaped your identity. Describe this event or experience and then explain the impact it has had on how you answer the question, “Who am I?”

We are finished with the social studies book and will spend the remaining 13 days of sixth grade with Facing History – Identity & Community: An Introduction to 6th Grade Social Studies unit.

This past week we had discussions about what makes our identity. The students did an activity on characteristics about them that they could share with the class if they wanted and wrote a Bio Poem. We are still learning and finding out things about each other.

We will continue with in class activities, homework writing assignments, and reflection of various poems, a movie, and a book we will read together. I will continue to take, at least, two grades a week, if not more. Please do monitor your student’s grades because some students think that summer has already begun.

Spanish Worksheet and Spanish Grade: The students will complete their last worksheet for Spanish during social studies this week. The students know to put the worksheet in their Spanish folder for the Spanish teacher to check for a grade in Spanish. Each student’s final Spanish grade is included as 10% of his or her social studies grade at the end of the nine-week period. The Spanish grade is listed separately, on Power School and on the interim, for parents and students know how they are doing in their Spanish class.

MISSING WORK: I do not give a lot of homework. I only give homework on Monday, Tuesdays, and Thursdays. I need the students to do the work when I do assign homework. Their grade is not affected as much for not doing their homework since homework is 10% of their grade. If they do not read the sections assigned and complete the study guide for homework, they will do poorly on the test, which is 40% of their grade.

BONUS POINTS: I will add an additional 10 points bonus to their lowest test grade when a student brings, emails me, or reports any interesting, informational, and educational information to share.

The social studies information given is general information and is subject to change for various reasons. I put something on the board under homework EVERYDAY. I want the students to get in the habit of writing in, referring to, and using their agenda book EVERYDAY. Please be sure that your child is writing something under Social Studies everyday.

Please do not forget that the social studies book is available online. Please email me if you cannot remember your User ID and Password or if you are having any problems with the website.

Each student should spend 10-15 minutes daily to review what was covered and the notes taken that day during social studies class. This can involve reading the assignment, reviewing the notes given that day, studying the vocabulary words, and using the resources available with the book online.

I encourage every student and parent to check Power School, at least, once a week. You should have received your Power School information in the mail and your student received it from their homeroom teacher. At least, two grades will be posted each week. Also, there will be graded papers in their weekly Tuesday folder. You can click the grade for a subject and it will show you the breakdown of the grade.

Please do not hesitate to email me with any questions, comments, or concerns at: vwhittington@scsk12.org

Click the below links to go to each teacher’s BLOG:

Ms. Braxton-Language Arts –

Ms. Corrigan-Math – <a title=”Ms. Corrigan’s BLOG” http://lcorrigan.edublogs.org

Ms. Hunter-Science – <a title=”Ms. Hunter’s BLOGhttp://jhunter.edublogs.org